Catalyst design is the process of developing and optimizing materials that facilitate chemical reactions by lowering activation energy and increasing reaction rates. Catalysts are essential in numerous industrial processes, such as the production of fuels, pharmaceuticals, and polymers, as well as in environmental applications like pollution control and renewable energy production. Researchers in catalyst design focus on understanding the mechanisms of catalysis, identifying active sites, and tailoring the properties of catalyst materials to maximize their efficiency and selectivity. This field combines principles of chemistry, materials science, and engineering to create more effective and sustainable catalysts for a variety of applications.